Which acid is the strongest Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) commonly used in skin treatments?

Glycolic acid is recognized as the strongest Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) used in skin treatments due to its small molecular size, which allows it to penetrate the skin more effectively than other AHAs. This enhanced ability to penetrate facilitates deeper exfoliation, promoting cell turnover and improving skin texture, tone, and clarity. It is particularly effective in treating issues such as hyperpigmentation, sun damage, and signs of aging like fine lines and wrinkles.

In comparison, lactic acid, while also effective, has a larger molecular structure than glycolic acid, resulting in a milder exfoliating action. Citric acid, derived from citrus fruits, is generally utilized for its brightening properties but is not as potent for resurfacing the skin. Malic acid, while beneficial, is often utilized in formulations for its gentle exfoliating properties and does not have the same strength as glycolic acid for deeper treatments. Therefore, glycolic acid stands out as the strongest and most effective AHA for advanced skin care applications.